Orchestrating multiple AI agents for one workflow—where does the cost actually spike?

I’ve been reading about autonomous AI teams where you configure multiple agents to work together on end-to-end processes. The concept is interesting—instead of one model doing everything, you have specialized agents that coordinate, which theoretically should be more intelligent and efficient.

But I’m not quite sure how the cost calculation works when you’re running multiple agents for a single workflow. Does cost scale linearly with each agent, or is there overhead I’m not accounting for? If I’m automating order fulfillment with an AI coordinator agent, a data extraction agent, and a validation agent, am I paying three times as much, or is the execution model smart about that?

I’m also curious about where coordination complexity becomes a problem. Do you end up with agents that need to retry or re-evaluate decisions? Does that add to the cost in unexpected ways? And practically speaking, have you measured actual ROI improvements from multi-agent setups versus single-model approaches that solve the same problem?

I know the theory is that specialized agents should produce better results, but I need to understand the actual financial impact. If it costs 50% more to run agents in parallel but generates 20% better results, that’s useful math. If it costs 50% more for marginal improvements, that’s a different calculation.

Have you measured the cost and benefit trade-off of multi-agent orchestration in a real workflow?